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Cover Image for Polynomial Regression, Bias–Variance Tradeoff, Lasso (L1) and Ridge (L2) Regularization Explained

Polynomial Regression, Bias–Variance Tradeoff, Lasso (L1) and Ridge (L2) Regularization Explained

Understand polynomial regression, the bias–variance tradeoff, overfitting and underfitting, and how Lasso (L1) and Ridge (L2) regularization help improve model performance in machine learning with practical examples.

Hitesh Sahu
Written by Hitesh Sahu, a passionate developer and blogger.

Fri Feb 27 2026

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📈 Polynomial Regression

Polynomial regression is an extension of linear regression where we model a nonlinear relationship between input 𝑥𝑥x and output 𝑦𝑦y by adding powers of 𝑥𝑥x.

Sometimes by defining a new feature you might get a better Model that requires less computation

Use case:

When prediction fits Polynomial equation instead of linear equation

For example house price can defined by calculating area instead of creating 2 variable equation we can define one variable equation :

creatingFeature

  • Scaling of feature becomes crucial in Polynomial Regression
  • Some algo can choose feature to fit polynomial curves
  • Feature engineering is the process of creating new features from existing ones to improve model performance.

Generic polynomial regression model of degree n:

y=θ0+θ1x+θ2x2+θ3x3+...+θnxny = \theta_0 + \theta_1 x + \theta_2 x^2 + \theta_3 x^3 + ... + \theta_n x^ny=θ0​+θ1​x+θ2​x2+θ3​x3+...+θn​xn

creatingFeature


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