1. KCNA (Kubernetes and Cloud Native Associate)

Focuses on conceptual understanding rather than deep hands-on configuration.

• Format: MCQs
• Price: $250 (Euro 212)
• Duration: 1.5 hours
• Focus: Concepts over commands
• No heavy kubectl troubleshooting

Syllabus

KCNA Syllabus Overview

Domain	Weight	Key Areas
Kubernetes Fundamentals	44%	Kubernetes Core ConceptsCluster Architecture (control plane & worker nodes)Administration basicsScheduling conceptsContainerization fundamentals
Container Orchestration	28%	Networking model and CNI basicsSecurity fundamentalsTroubleshooting conceptsStorage (PV, PVC, StorageClass)
Cloud Native Application Delivery	16%	Application delivery modelsCI/CD fundamentalsGitOps basicsDebugging concepts
Cloud Native Architecture	12%	Observability (metrics, logs, traces)Cloud native ecosystem and CNCF landscapePrinciples (microservices, immutable infra, declarative systems)Community and collaboration fundamentals

2. Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD)

Focuses on application development and deployment in Kubernetes.

• Format: Performance-based (hands-on tasks)
• price: $300 (Euro 254)
• Duration: 2 hours
• Focus: Application design, deployment, and maintenance
• Heavy use of kubectl for troubleshooting and configuration

CKAD Syllabus Overview

Domain	Weight	Key Topics
Application Design and Build	20%	Define, build, and modify container imagesChoose correct workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, Job, CronJob, StatefulSet)Multi-container Pod patterns (sidecar, init, ambassador, adapter)Persistent and ephemeral volumes
Application Deployment	20%	Rolling updates and rollbacksBlue/Green and Canary strategies using Kubernetes primitivesDeploy applications with HelmManage configurations using Kustomize
Application Observability and Maintenance	15%	API deprecations awarenessLiveness, Readiness, and Startup probeskubectl monitoring commandsContainer logsDebugging techniques
Application Environment, Configuration and Security	25%	CRDs and OperatorsAuthentication, Authorization, Admission ControlRequests, Limits, ResourceQuotasConfigMapsSecrets (create and consume)ServiceAccountsSecurityContexts and Linux capabilities
Services and Networking	20%	Service types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, Headless)NetworkPolicies (ingress/egress rules)Ingress configuration and routingTroubleshooting service connectivity

3 Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)

Focuses on cluster administration and management.

• Format: Performance-based (hands-on tasks)
• price: $445 (Euro 254)
• Duration: 2 hours
• Focus: Cluster setup, maintenance, and troubleshooting

CKA Syllabus Overview

Domain	Weight	Key Topics
Storage	10%	Implement StorageClasses and dynamic provisioningConfigure volume types, access modes (RWO, ROX, RWX) and reclaim policiesCreate and manage PersistentVolumes (PV) and PersistentVolumeClaims (PVC)
Troubleshooting	30%	Troubleshoot cluster and node failuresTroubleshoot control plane componentsMonitor cluster and application resource usageInspect and manage container logs and output streamsTroubleshoot Services and networking issues
Workloads & Scheduling	15%	Perform rolling updates and rollbacksConfigure applications with ConfigMaps and SecretsImplement Horizontal Pod AutoscalingUnderstand self-healing primitives (ReplicaSet, Deployment)Configure scheduling constraints (resource limits, nodeSelector, affinity, taints/tolerations)
Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration	25%	Manage RBAC (Roles, ClusterRoles, RoleBindings)Prepare infrastructure for cluster installationCreate and manage clusters using kubeadmUpgrade and manage cluster lifecycleConfigure highly available control planeInstall components using Helm and KustomizeUnderstand extension interfaces (CNI, CSI, CRI)Install and manage CRDs and Operators
Services & Networking	20%	Pod-to-Pod connectivityImplement and enforce NetworkPoliciesUse Service types (ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer)Configure Gateway API and IngressUse Ingress controllers and resourcesUnderstand CoreDNS and service discovery